Islam is an Arabic word meaning “surrender.” Muhammad-known to Muslims as the Prophet Muhammad or simply the Prophet-founded Islam. The believer’s relationship to Allah is expressed in the very name of the religion. Thus, one often hears the phrase insha’a Allah, which means “if Allah wills,” in Muslims’ daily conversations. For Muslims, nothing happens in the world unless Allah wills it. Also stressed are Allah’s many names, including Lord of the Worlds, the Most High, the One and Only, the Living One, the Sublime, the Wise, the Omnipotent, the Merciful, and the Constant Forgiver. The Qur’an, Islam’s holy book, constantly stresses Allah’s reality, unknowable mystery, and actions on behalf of his creation. At the heart of Islam is the notion of tawhid, or the oneness of God. So then what exactly is Islam? What is its history? What are its teachings? Islam-like Judaism and Christianity-revolves around belief in the one and only God, whom Muslims call Allah. Yet this is a distortion that paints a grossly inaccurate picture of Islam and dishonors the vast majority of Muslims. Listening to most news stories reported in the United States since the attacks, one could easily form the misperception that most Muslims are violent extremists bent on destroying Western civilization and imposing strict Islamic fundamentalism on the world. If the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C., thrust Islam into Western consciousness, they certainly did nothing to improve the Western world’s understanding of it. Yet most Westerners know and understand little about it. Today, it is the second largest religion on Earth, with more than one billion followers around the globe. Slam is and has for centuries been one of the world’s most important and influential religions. The word Qur’an (also spelled Koran) is Arabic for “recitation.” Boryana Katsarova/AFP/Getty ImagesĬONTENTS Introduction Chapter One: Muhammad: The Seal of the Prophets The Prophet’s Stature in the Muslim Community The Prophet’s Life Mi‘raj Hijrah Chapter Two: God’s Word to Humanity The Qur’an No God but God: Allah Tawhid God and Humanity Mahdi The Prophet’s Deeds and WordsĬhapter Three: Piety and Ritual in Islamic Life The Five Pillars of Islam Holy Days Sacred Space Mecca Life and DeathĬhapter Four: Community and Society Islam and Community Community FiguresĬaliph Ottoman Empire Islam and Society Law Bid‘ah Usul al-Fiqh Systemization and Administration Hanafiyah Modern Reforms of Shari‘ah Chapter Five: Branches of Islam Foundations of Sectarianism Kalam Sunni Islam ‘A’ishah Shi‘ite Islam Al-Husayn ibn ‘Ali Ruhollah Khomeini Taqiyyah Sufism Al-Ghazali Ibn al-‘Arabi Wahhabism Islamic Beliefs and Practices Today Glossary For Further Reading Indexġ28 129 130 133 137 140 142 149 152 154 158 170 173 178 179 181 183 BP174.I87 2010 297-dc22 2009038290 On the cover: The Qur’an, the sacred scripture of Islam, is for Muslims the word of Allah (God) as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. cm.-(The Islamic world) “In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.” ISBN 978-1-61530-060-0 (eBook) 1. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition Matt Stefon: Assistant Editor, Religion Rosen Educational Services Joanne Randolph: Editor Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Senior Editor and Project Manager Nelson Sá: Art Director Matthew Cauli: Designer Introduction by Janey Levy Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Islamic beliefs and practices / edited by Matt Stefon.-1st ed. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies Lisa S. First Edition Britannica Educational Publishing Michael I.
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